Shandong Province's Medium and Long-Term Development Plan for New Energy and Renewable Energy

Notice on Issuing the Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for New Energy and Renewable Energy in Shandong Province (2016-2030)

Lu Development Reform Energy [2017] No. 418

　　In order to implement the general requirements of the "four revolutions, one cooperation" energy work, accelerate the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the new energy and renewable energy industry, according to the national and provincial economic and social development and energy development plans, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission has formulated the "Shandong Province New Energy and Renewable Energy Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan (2016-2030)". It is now issued to you, please follow and implement it. To the Development and Reform Commissions of various cities, relevant energy companies, and the State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company:

Attachment: "Shandong Province New Energy and Renewable Energy Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan (2016-2030)"

Shandong Provincial Development and Reform Commission

May 2, 2017

Shandong Province New Energy and Renewable Energy Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan

(2016-2030)

Foreword

　　With the rapid development of the economy and society, the province's energy demand continues to grow, energy resource constraints are becoming increasingly severe, and ecological and environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent. The pressure to ensure energy security, change the way energy is developed, and adjust and optimize the energy structure is further increasing. We must earnestly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's strategic thinking on "four revolutions, one cooperation" energy, consciously practice the five development concepts of "innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing," and vigorously promote the revolution in energy production and consumption. New energy and renewable energy are important components of the energy system, with characteristics such as multiple resource types, wide regional distribution, large development potential, environmental friendliness, and sustainable utilization. We must vigorously develop new energy and renewable energy as an important way for our province to coordinate energy security and ecological protection.

　　Our province has made an early start in the development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy. Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", with the strong support of the state and the high attention of the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government, the development of new energy and renewable energy has achieved remarkable results, industrial strength has continuously improved, R&D capabilities have significantly increased, and the scale and scope of promotion and application have significantly expanded, becoming a prominent highlight of our province's energy industry development. The next period is an important strategic opportunity period for our province to adjust and optimize the energy structure and promote energy transformation and development. The formulation and implementation of the "Shandong Province New Energy and Renewable Energy Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan (2016-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") will play a very important guiding and supporting role in vigorously promoting the revolution in energy production and consumption, accelerating the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient modern energy system, and providing strong energy security for the comprehensive completion of a moderately prosperous society.

　　The Plan covers key areas such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, hydropower, and nuclear energy. It expounds the guiding ideology, basic principles, development goals, development tasks, key projects, and supporting measures for the development of new energy and renewable energy in our province. It is an important basis for the development of new energy and renewable energy in our province during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" and even a longer period. The planning base year is 2015, the planning period is 2016-2030, the near-term is 2020, and the long-term is 2030.

Main Planning Basis

The Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China (Amended)

Energy Development Strategic Action Plan (2014-2020)

Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control

Energy Industry Action Plan for Strengthening Air Pollution Prevention and Control

Renewable Energy Development "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan"

Wind Power Development "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan"

Solar Energy Development "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan"

Biomass Energy Development "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan"

Hydropower Development "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan"

Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Shandong Province

Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Energy in Shandong Province

New-type Urbanization Plan of Shandong Province (2014-2020)

I. Planning Basis

(I) Resource Overview

　　Shandong Province is located in the eastern coastal area of China, at the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The total land area of the province is about 15.79 million hectares, of which 7.64 million hectares are cultivated land, 1.36 million hectares are forest land, and 1.64 million hectares are unused land. The Yellow River Delta region is rich in unused land resources; the total sea area of the province is about 10.64 million hectares, with a coastline of 3345 kilometers, accounting for one-sixth of the national total. Except for hydropower, the province is relatively rich in renewable energy resources such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and ocean energy; the eastern coastal area has suitable sites for the development of nuclear power, and the advantages of nuclear energy development are obvious. At the same time, the province has a mild climate, relatively concentrated rainfall, infrequent natural disasters, stable geology, and a relatively well-developed power grid. The grid access and market absorption conditions are good, and it has the basic conditions for large-scale development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy.

　　——Wind energy. Wind energy is a clean and sustainable energy source. Our province is very rich in wind energy resources in coastal land areas, inland areas, and offshore areas. Under current economic and technological conditions, preliminary calculations show that the exploitable scale of wind energy resources in the province exceeds 30 million kilowatts, which has considerable value for development and utilization. At the same time, our province is less affected by typhoons and tropical cyclones, the geological structure is stable, and the conditions for wind power development and construction are excellent, suitable for the large-scale development of wind power.

　　——Solar energy resources. Our province belongs to an area with abundant solar energy resources. Most areas of the province are Class Ⅲ solar energy resource areas, with more than two-thirds of the area having more than 2200 hours of sunshine per year, and the annual average sunshine hours are between 2099 and 2813 hours; the annual total solar radiation is between 4600 and 5600 megajoules per square meter. Among them, most of the peninsula, most of Northwest Shandong, and parts of Central Shandong have good solar energy resources and belong to areas with abundant solar energy resources; Southwest Shandong, most of Southeast Shandong, and parts of Northwest Shandong have relatively less solar energy resources and belong to utilizable resource areas.

　　——Biomass energy resources. Our province is a major agricultural and forestry province with large and extensive biomass energy resources. According to incomplete statistics, the total amount of biomass energy resources in the province, including crop straw, forest residues, livestock and poultry manure, and garbage, is about 147 million tons of standard coal. Considering factors such as resource collection, transportation losses, and utilization through other channels, the amount of biomass energy resources in the province that can be used for energy purposes is approximately 45 million tons of standard coal.

　　Geothermal Energy. Geothermal resources exist in all 17 cities of our province, characterized by wide distribution, abundant resources, and favorable development and utilization conditions. These resources mainly include shallow geothermal energy, hydrothermal geothermal energy, and hot dry rock. Preliminary estimates indicate that shallow geothermal energy reserves within 200 meters, utilizing heat pump technology, have an exchangeable resource volume of 3.85 × 10^17 kJ for both winter and summer, equivalent to 13.14 billion tons of standard coal, representing 40% of the province's coal geological reserves and 87 times its annual coal production. Among these, the northwestern plain region of Shandong is the most abundant area for shallow geothermal energy in the province, with significant development potential; while central-southern and most of eastern Shandong have moderate development potential for shallow geothermal energy. The total hydrothermal geothermal resources in the province are approximately 4.21 × 10^17 kJ, equivalent to 14.373 billion tons of standard coal; of which, the northwestern geothermal area accounts for about two-thirds of the province's usable hydrothermal geothermal resources. Hot dry rock is currently in the exploratory research stage both domestically and internationally, with immature electricity generation technology, and is considered an important reserve resource.

　　Ocean Energy. Our province is rich in ocean energy resources, mainly including tidal energy, wave energy, and tidal current energy generated during seawater movement. The installed capacity of coastal tidal energy is approximately 120,000 kW, with an annual power generation capacity of 375 million kWh, mainly distributed along the coasts of cities and counties such as Rushan and Haiyang in the eastern Shandong Peninsula, and Rongcheng, Jiaonan, and Rizhao in the south. Coastal wave energy resources are mainly distributed in two sections: Longkou on the northern coast of the Shandong Peninsula and Beihangcheng in the Bohai Strait, one of the most famous large wave areas along the national coast. Nearshore tidal current energy resources are mainly distributed in the natural waterways of the Miaodao Islands, the near-shore area of Chengshantou, and the bay mouths of various bays in the southern part of the peninsula.

　　Water Energy. The total annual average water resources in our province are 30.3 billion cubic meters, with per capita water resources of 322 cubic meters, less than 1/6 of the national average; the total annual average surface water resources are 19.83 billion cubic meters, making it one of the severely water-stressed provinces in China. Water resources mainly rely on reservoirs and river channel storage in mountainous and hilly areas. Affected by factors such as insufficient total water resources, uneven regional distribution, and large inter-annual and intra-annual variations, the development and utilization of water resources are quite difficult. The total theoretically exploitable water energy resources in the province are only 117,000 kW. In addition, the province has 33 large reservoirs and 156 medium-sized reservoirs in mountainous and hilly areas, with a total storage capacity of 12.563 billion cubic meters. Due to the natural elevation differences in the mountainous and hilly areas, there are conditions for constructing pumped storage power stations.

　　Nuclear Energy. Our province has relatively abundant nuclear power plant site resources. In the eastern coastal areas, Yantai Haiyang and Weihai Rongcheng have already started the construction of related projects, and a batch of potential nuclear power plant sites have been preliminarily screened and reserved, indicating a significant advantage in nuclear energy development.

　　(2) Current Development Status

　　Since the 12th Five-Year Plan period, under the impetus of the Renewable Energy Law and a series of policy measures, our province has fully implemented the national work deployment, actively studied supporting policies, vigorously optimized the development environment, and continued to focus on wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy as key areas. The development of new energy and renewable energy has entered a stage of comprehensive, rapid, and large-scale development. In 2015, the proportion of new energy and renewable energy in the province's total energy consumption was approximately 3%. In particular, the rapid development of new energy and renewable energy power generation is noteworthy. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the province added 8.37 million kW of new energy and renewable energy power generation capacity, reaching a cumulative total of 11.151 million kW, accounting for 11.5% of the province's total power generation capacity, an increase of 7.1 percentage points compared to the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan period.

　　Wind Energy. Wind power generation has shown large-scale development characteristics, becoming the fastest-growing emerging renewable energy source in our province. By the end of 2015, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in the province reached 7.215 million kW, accounting for 7.4% of the total power generation capacity, an increase of 5.2 percentage points compared to the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan period. In 2015, wind power generated 12.14 billion kWh, a 20% increase year-on-year. Wind power technology has continuously improved, with the main models evolving from kilowatt-level to megawatt-level, with units of 1.5 MW or more accounting for over 90% of the province's total wind power capacity.

　　Solar Energy. Solar photovoltaic power generation has developed from nothing to something, from small to large, making full use of barren hills, tidal flats, and building rooftops, showing a diversified and large-scale development trend. Solar thermal applications have shifted from being mainly residential to encompassing industrial, commercial, and residential sectors, covering residential buildings, industrial enterprises, hotels, office buildings, and schools. By the end of 2015, the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in the province reached 1.327 million kW, 47 times that at the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan period. This includes 885,000 kW of photovoltaic power plants and 442,000 kW of distributed photovoltaic power generation. The total heat collection area of solar thermal products exceeded 100 million square meters, accounting for about one-fourth of the national total.

　　Biomass Energy. Various biomass energy resources, such as crop straw, domestic waste, and livestock and poultry manure, are being utilized in a diversified and location-specific manner. Biomass power generation is at the forefront of the nation, with internationally advanced technology. The comprehensive utilization of biogas and molded fuels has achieved significant results. Shandong Longli has become the first enterprise in our province and the fifth in the country to obtain the qualification for fixed-point production of fuel ethanol. The functional sugar industry, using straw and corn cob as raw materials, is among the world's leaders. The construction of seven national pilot green energy demonstration counties (cities), including Shouguang and Wendeng, is steadily progressing, and the rural energy production, consumption, operation, management, and service system is gradually improving. By the end of 2015, the installed capacity of various biomass power generation in the province reached 1.532 million kW, ranking first in the country; the annual power generation reached 7.69 billion kWh, a 47% increase year-on-year; the province had 2.63 million rural biogas users; large, medium, and small biogas projects produced approximately 1 billion cubic meters of biogas annually; the annual utilization of biomass solid molded fuel was approximately 500,000 tons; and the annual pilot promotion of vehicle ethanol gasoline was approximately 1.2 million tons.

　　Geothermal Energy. The development and utilization of geothermal energy have grown rapidly, with expanding application types and scope. The development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in the construction sector is rapidly developing, and hydrothermal geothermal energy is being promoted in heating, bathing (spa), animal husbandry, and planting. By the end of 2015, the area of shallow geothermal energy heating (cooling) was approximately 30 million square meters, and the area of hydrothermal geothermal energy heating was approximately 27 million square meters. The geothermal energy equipment manufacturing industry is developing rapidly, with over 50 medium-sized and large-scale ground source heat pump production enterprises and over 300 ground source heat pump system integration enterprises in the province. There are as many as 500 effective patents in the ground source heat pump industry, providing good industrial and technological support.

　　——Hydropower. By the end of 2015, the province had put into operation a total installed capacity of 1.077 million kilowatts of pumped storage and small hydropower. This includes one pumped storage power station, the Taian Pumped Storage Power Station, with an installed capacity of 1 million kilowatts; and 77,000 kilowatts of small hydropower, mainly distributed in the Yihe, Shuhe, Sihe, Dawenhe, Weihe, and Binshui river systems. The "Shandong Province Pumped Storage Power Station Site Selection Planning Report" has been approved by the state, identifying six sites—Wenden (1.8 million kilowatts), Taian Phase II (1.8 million kilowatts), Yimeng (1.2 million kilowatts), Laiwu (1 million kilowatts), Haiyang (1 million kilowatts), and Weifang (1 million kilowatts)—as recommended sites for new pumped storage power stations in the province by 2020. Among these, the Wenden and Yimeng projects have already begun construction.

　　——Ocean energy. Our province started the development and utilization of ocean energy relatively early, with orderly progress in the research and development of tidal energy, wave energy, and tidal current energy technologies, as well as small-scale demonstrations. The "Feasibility Study and Engineering Design for the Construction of a Wave Energy and Tidal Current Energy Offshore Test Field in the Chengshantou Sea Area" was included in the 2011 key fund projects of the State Oceanic Administration; the Rongcheng 4×300 kilowatt large-scale ocean current energy power generation project was identified as an ocean energy demonstration project by the Ministry of Finance and the State Oceanic Administration; and Rongcheng City was selected as a national offshore test field for wave energy and tidal energy. The first 100-kilowatt tidal current energy generation device in China was officially installed in the Zaotang Island sea area of Qingdao City in September 2013. However, due to the poor economic viability of ocean energy development and utilization, insufficient research and development capabilities for large-scale and key equipment, and slow progress in industrialization, development remains slow.

Column  Development Indicators for New Energy and Renewable Energy in Shandong Province during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period
Project	Utilization Scale
	2010	2015
I. Power Generation	277.7	1115.1
1. Wind power (ten thousand kilowatts)	138	721.5
2. Photovoltaic power generation (ten thousand kilowatts)	1.9	132.7
3. Biomass power generation (ten thousand kilowatts)	31.1	153.2
4. Hydropower (ten thousand kilowatts)	106.7	107.7
II. Heating (Cooling)
1. Solar thermal collection area (ten thousand square meters)	5000	>10000
2. Geothermal heating (ten thousand square meters)	3200	5700
III. Gas Fuel
1. Biogas (100 million cubic meters)	8.6	10
2. Biomass molded fuel (ten thousand tons)	40	50
3. Vehicle ethanol gasoline (ten thousand tons)	120	120

——Nuclear energy. The Haiyang and Rongcheng nuclear power bases have been included in the "National Medium and Long-Term Development Plan for Nuclear Power (2011-2020)". Currently, the Haiyang Nuclear Power Phase I project and the Rongcheng Shidaowan high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project are progressing in an orderly manner, with a total capacity under construction of 2.7 million kilowatts; the Haiyang Nuclear Power Phase II project and the Rongcheng Shidaowan large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor CAP1400 demonstration project have been approved by the state to carry out preliminary work, with an installed capacity of 5.3 million kilowatts.

(III) Main Characteristics

A comprehensive analysis of the current situation of new energy and renewable energy development and utilization in our province reveals the following characteristics:

First, there are many types of resources and a wide distribution range. Our province has hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and ocean energy resources. Various localities have developed distinctive development and utilization projects based on local resources. Currently, all 17 cities in the province have wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy development and utilization projects. Seven national green energy demonstration counties—Shouguang, Wenden, Zucheng, Rongcheng, Yucheng, Danxian, and Linqu—are actively promoting construction, and six national new energy demonstration cities (parks)—Dezhou, Taian, Dongying, Jinan Changqing District, Qingdao Jimo City, and Qingdao Sino-German Ecological Park—are actively promoting creation.

Second, early development and remarkable achievements. Our province started the development and utilization of renewable energy relatively early. In 1986, Weihai Rongcheng built the first wind farm in the country; in 2006, Heze Danxian built the first agricultural and forestry biomass power generation project in the country; and our province's solar thermal utilization scale has always been the highest in the country, far ahead of other provinces. Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, with the support of national and provincial policies and measures, development and utilization have rapidly progressed, with the installed capacity of wind power, photovoltaic power generation, and biomass power generation increasing by an average of 39%, 134%, and 38% per year respectively, and power generation increasing by an average of 35%, 150%, and 39% per year respectively. Biomass power generation capacity ranks first in the country, and wind power and photovoltaic power generation capacity rank among the top in the country.

Third, uneven resource endowment but high level of development and utilization compared to the same period. Due to the scarcity of hydropower resources, most ocean energy projects are still in the experimental stage, and nuclear power projects are still under construction. Currently, the development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy in our province is mainly focused on wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy. If hydropower and nuclear power are excluded, compared with the same data nationwide, in 2015, the proportion of new energy and renewable energy and other non-fossil energy consumption in our province was 3%, which is basically the same as the national average.

At the same time, the development of new energy and renewable energy in our province also faces the following problems:

First, technology and economic viability are still key factors restricting the development of new energy. In recent years, new energy and renewable energy technologies have rapidly advanced, and economic viability has significantly improved, but compared with traditional fossil energy, the cost of development and utilization is still relatively high. The cost of wind power, photovoltaic power generation, and biomass power generation is about twice that of coal-fired power generation, and the intensity of electricity subsidies is relatively high, resulting in a large gap in national subsidy funds and significant susceptibility to policy adjustments. Under current technological levels and market conditions, if new energy and renewable energy are to be promoted and applied on a larger scale, it is urgently necessary to improve the technological level and economic viability of development and utilization.

Second, the industrial system for new energy development needs further improvement. Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, the development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy in our province has shown leapfrog development, with an average annual growth of 32% in installed power generation capacity. However, correspondingly, except for individual fields, the key technologies for the development and utilization of renewable energy in our province still have a certain gap with the advanced level at home and abroad, and the core competitiveness is not strong; except for solar thermal utilization, there are few leading equipment manufacturing enterprises, and the industrial agglomeration effect is not significant; the standard system, testing and certification, and talent cultivation and other related industrial system construction still need to be improved; and the management system and market mechanism adapted to the development of renewable energy also need further improvement.

II. Development Situation

The current period and the period to come are a crucial time for our province to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects ahead of schedule and to promote the construction of new urbanization, a major strategic opportunity period to accelerate the revolution in energy production and consumption and promote ecological civilization construction, and an important period for various new energy and renewable energy resources to transition from single and dispersed to integrated and comprehensive applications. The promotion and application of new energy and renewable energy face unprecedented opportunities and challenges.

The accelerated development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources has become a consensus both domestically and internationally. Since the oil crisis, in order to ensure energy security and address climate change, new and renewable energy sources have received increasing attention from the international community. Germany has proposed reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% by 2050 compared to 1990, with renewable energy accounting for 100% of electricity supply; the EU has proposed that renewable energy should account for at least 27% of the EU's energy structure by 2030; China has also proposed to follow the world development trend, vigorously promoting the replacement of fossil fuels with new and renewable energy sources, and entering the low-carbon energy era in sync with the world. However, at present, there is still room for improvement in the public understanding of the significant strategic significance of the development of new and renewable energy sources. In some areas, such as nuclear power and garbage power generation, safety standards need to be further improved to resolve potential public misconceptions.

Accelerating the development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources is an important way to promote the revolution in energy production and consumption. Currently, the country is vigorously promoting the revolution in energy production and consumption. The National Energy Development Strategy Action Plan (2014-2020) proposes that by 2020, new and renewable energy sources will account for 15% of primary energy consumption. The 2014 Joint Statement on Climate Change between China and the United States proposed that "it is planned to peak carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and will strive to peak emissions earlier, and plans to increase the proportion of new and renewable energy in primary energy consumption to around 20% by 2030". Currently, more than half of our province's energy supply comes from outside the province, and the consumption of fossil energy sources such as coal and oil exceeds 90%. Accelerating the development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources is not only an important measure to promote the revolution in energy production in our province, build a multi-wheel drive energy supply system, and enhance energy self-sufficiency, but also an important way to promote the revolution in energy consumption in our province, respond to the "dual control" of the total amount and intensity of energy consumption in China, and improve the consumption ratio of new and renewable energy sources.

Accelerating the development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources is a necessary choice for promoting air pollution prevention and control and the construction of an ecological Shandong. Air pollution prevention and control and environmental protection are related to the fundamental interests of the people of the whole province, the sustained and healthy development of the economy and society, and the construction of an ecological Shandong. Currently, the situation of air pollution prevention and control in our province is severe, and the large-scale and high-intensity consumption of fossil energy sources is an important reason for the high emission levels of major pollutants and greenhouse gases. The environmental problems caused by the development and utilization of fossil energy sources in our province are becoming increasingly prominent, and the carrying capacity of the ecosystem has reached its upper limit. It is no longer possible to rely on large-scale mining and use of fossil energy sources. Therefore, in the current and coming period, it is a critical period for our province to adjust and optimize its energy structure, accelerate the development of clean energy, and reduce the consumption of coal and other fossil energy sources; it is also an important practice period for the implementation of the action plan for air pollution prevention and control and the comprehensive management of the ecological environment. We must accelerate the pace of development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources.

Accelerating the development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources is an important means of responding to the new normal of economic development and fostering new growth points. Currently, the economic development of our province has entered a new normal of relatively slower growth rate, gradual structural optimization, and accelerated transformation of driving forces. On the one hand, the driving force of economic development has shifted from mainly relying on resource and investment inputs to innovation-driven development. It is necessary to give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and to discover and cultivate new economic growth points. On the other hand, the dependence of economic growth on resources and energy has slowed down significantly, and the provincial energy development model will also shift from mainly increasing capacity to adjusting existing capacity and improving incremental capacity. New and renewable energy sources have advantages such as cleanliness, environmental protection, greenness, and low carbon emissions, and their development and utilization have a long industrial chain, many supporting and supporting industries. They are important strategic emerging industries and an important area for private investment. Accelerating the development and utilization of new energy sources plays a very important role in driving the development of equipment manufacturing and supporting industries, promoting the transformation of economic development methods, and optimizing and upgrading industries.

Accelerating the development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources is an urgent need for promoting the construction of new urbanization. By the end of 2015, the urbanization rate of our province was 57%, basically the same as the national average, and there is still considerable room for improvement in urban development. In the coming period, with the gradual acceleration of the process of urban-rural integration in the province, the ways of energy use in urban and rural areas will undergo important changes, the level of energy use will continuously improve, the energy structure will be gradually optimized, and the demand for clean energy in particular will grow rapidly. Accelerating the development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources is of great significance to improving the level of energy use by urban and rural residents, improving the production and living environment in rural areas, promoting farmers' income increase, and achieving sustainable economic and social development in rural areas.

III. Guiding Ideology, Basic Principles and Development Goals

(I) Guiding Ideology

Comprehensively study and implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth plenary sessions of the 18th Central Committee, thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important speeches and the major strategic deployment of the "four revolutions and one cooperation" in energy work, be guided by the five development concepts of innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing, adapt to the general trend of energy transformation and development, regard accelerating the development of new and renewable energy as an important main attack direction for future energy development, rely on technological progress and innovation in development methods, support the improvement of systems and mechanisms and the construction of an industrial system, significantly increase the proportion of new and renewable energy in energy production and consumption, significantly improve its market competitiveness, actively promote the all-round, diversified, large-scale, and industrialized development of new and renewable energy, and accelerate the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient modern energy system.

(II) Basic Principles

In the coming period, the development of new and renewable energy in our province should adhere to the following principles:

——Adhere to comprehensive planning and coordinated development. Coordinate the development and utilization of new and renewable energy with economic and social development, land use, environmental protection, new urbanization construction, and power grid development. Adhere to planning guidance and scientific promotion, pay attention to the coordinated promotion of provincial planning with national and local planning, pay attention to the coordinated development of development and utilization with industrial upgrading and technological progress, and pay attention to the coordinated implementation of promotion and application with supporting power grid construction.

——Adhere to market-oriented and policy-guided approaches. Scientifically formulate medium- and long-term development goals for new and renewable energy, cultivate a long-term and stable market for new and renewable energy, drive relevant technological progress and industrial development with clear market demand; further deepen investment system and power system reforms, unleash investment vitality, encourage participation from various investment entities, promote reasonable investment growth and structural optimization; strengthen the coordinated cooperation of supporting policies and measures such as funds, Price, land, finance and taxation, finance, and power grids, adopt multiple measures and comprehensive strategies to support the development and utilization of new and renewable energy and industrial development.

——Adhere to local conditions and diversified development. Based on resource endowment, power market distribution, and existing energy conditions, adhere to the parallel importance of export and on-site utilization and centralized and distributed development. In resource-rich areas, develop in a concentrated, contiguous, and large-scale manner for concentrated transmission; give play to the characteristics of wide distribution and diverse product forms of renewable energy resources, encourage the construction of distributed energy, and develop and utilize resources on-site; combined with various resource advantages, actively promote the integrated and comprehensive utilization of various forms of renewable energy to form a diversified development and multi-energy complementary renewable energy development model.

——Adhere to technology-led and innovation-supported approaches. Closely follow the latest development trends in the domestic and international fields of new and renewable energy, strengthen original innovation, integrated innovation, and the introduction, digestion, absorption, and re-innovation of foreign technologies, actively learn and master new technologies and products in related domestic and international fields, continuously improve independent R&D capabilities, promote industrial upgrading, expansion, and cost reduction, improve the market competitiveness of new and renewable energy, and promote the continuous expansion of utilization scale.

(III) Development Goals

1. Overall Goals

——2020. Societal understanding of new and renewable energy has further improved, with systems and mechanisms for its development becoming more complete, and operation, management, and service models gradually established; the development and utilization market continues to expand, with scale constantly increasing; development and utilization costs have been significantly reduced, with wind power project electricity prices basically competing on the same platform as local coal-fired power generation, and photovoltaic project electricity prices basically equivalent to grid sales electricity prices.

——2030. New and renewable energy will be deeply integrated with the conventional energy system, with operation, management, and service models adapted to its development becoming more complete; development and utilization costs continue to decrease, and market competitiveness continuously improves; the total scale of new and renewable energy development and utilization will quadruple compared to the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

2. Specific Indicators

(1) The proportion of new and renewable energy in energy consumption has significantly increased

——2020. The proportion of new and renewable energy in total energy consumption reached 7%, with a provincial total development and utilization scale of approximately 41.73 million tons of standard coal.

——2030. The proportion of new and renewable energy in total energy consumption will reach 18%, with a provincial total development and utilization scale of approximately 108.7 million tons of standard coal.

(2) New and renewable energy power generation has risen to become an important power source in the power system

——2020. The installed capacity of new and renewable energy power generation has increased nearly twofold compared to the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, striving to reach 30.1 million kilowatts, including 14 million kilowatts of wind power, 10 million kilowatts of solar power generation, 2.3 million kilowatts of biomass power generation, 1.1 million kilowatts of hydropower, and 2.7 million kilowatts of nuclear power; the proportion of installed power generation capacity in the province's total power generation capacity is striving to reach 22%; annual power generation will reach 62 billion kilowatt-hours.

——2030. The installed capacity of new and renewable energy power generation will increase sixfold compared to the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, striving to reach 81.55 million kilowatts, including 23 million kilowatts of wind power, 25 million kilowatts of solar power generation, 5 million kilowatts of biomass power generation, 7.9 million kilowatts of hydropower, and 20.65 million kilowatts of nuclear power; the proportion of installed power generation capacity in the province's total power generation capacity is striving to reach over 40%; annual power generation will reach 230 billion kilowatt-hours.

(3) Non-electric applications such as renewable energy heating and fuel continue to expand

——2020. Renewable energy heating and fuel utilization annually replaces approximately 22 million tons of standard coal.

——2030. Renewable energy heating and fuel utilization annually replaces approximately 35 million tons of standard coal.

Column: Main Indicators for the Development and Utilization of New and Renewable Energy during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan Period
Project	Utilization Scale
	2020	2030	Unit
I. Power Generation	3010	8155	Ten thousand kilowatts
1. Grid-connected wind power	1400	2300
2. Solar power generation	1000	2500
3. Biomass power generation	230	500
4. Hydropower	110	790
5. Nuclear power	270	2065
II. Heating (Cooling)
1. Solar thermal utilization	14000	22000	Ten thousand square meters
2. Geothermal energy utilization	14000	30000
III. Gas Fuel
1. Gas supply	11	13	100 million cubic meters
2. Biomass molded fuel	150	300	Ten thousand tons
3. Vehicle ethanol gasoline	120	120	Ten thousand tons
Provincial total new and renewable energy development and utilization	4173	10870	Ten thousand tons of standard coal

Note: When calculating the standard coal equivalent of hydropower utilization, pumped storage hydropower generation is not included.

IV. Development Tasks

(A) Orderly Promotion of Wind Power Development

Adhere to integrated planning and development on both land and sea, coordinating wind energy resource distribution, power transmission, and market absorption, strengthening the connection and coordination of wind power layout with main functional area planning, industrial development, and tourism resource development, actively building onshore and offshore "dual ten-million-kilowatt-level wind power bases," and constructing an eastern wind power province; improve the power dispatching and operation management mechanism adapted to wind power development to ensure full-guarantee acquisition of wind power generation; encourage the adoption of new technologies and products to reduce wind power development costs and improve wind power utilization efficiency. Strive to achieve a provincial grid-connected installed capacity of 14 million kilowatts by 2020 and 23 million kilowatts by 2030.

1. Steady Promotion of Onshore Wind Power Development

Strengthen land wind energy resource management, focusing on the eastern and northern coastal land wind power belts of the Shandong Peninsula and the inland mountainous wind power belts of central and southwestern Shandong, with coastal areas of cities such as Yantai, Qingdao, Weifang, Dongying, and Binzhou and mountainous areas of cities such as Zibo, Tai'an, Jining, Linyi, and Zaozhuang as priorities, and low-wind-speed wind power development in plain areas such as Dezhou and Heze as supplements, actively building onshore ten-million-kilowatt-level wind power bases. Adhere to the development of concentrated, contiguous, and large-scale development and decentralized, small-scale wind power development, exploring the integrated development of wind power and other distributed energy.

2. Timely Launch of Offshore Wind Power Development and Construction

Focusing on the eastern and northern coastal and offshore wind power belts of the Shandong Peninsula, strengthen the coordination of offshore wind power development with marine functional area planning, coastal zone development and utilization planning, key marine environmental protection planning, coastal economic construction, and industrial layout, focusing on six million-kilowatt-level offshore wind power bases in North Shandong, Laizhou Bay, Bohai Central, Changdao, the North of the Peninsula, and the South of the Peninsula, actively promoting the construction of intertidal zone and near-shore wind power projects, building an offshore ten-million-kilowatt-level wind power base.

(B) Vigorously Promoting Solar Energy Utilization

Giving full play to the advantages of the province's abundant, widely distributed solar energy resources and a relatively good development and utilization foundation, focusing on providing green electricity and green heat, adhering to the principle of balancing solar power generation and thermal utilization, and continuously expanding the scale of solar energy utilization; actively promoting the integration of solar energy utilization with the conventional energy system; promoting technological progress and industrial development through promotion and application, striving to achieve large-scale and leapfrog development of the photovoltaic industry, and actively promoting the transformation and development of the photothermal industry. Strive to achieve annual solar energy utilization equivalent to replacing more than 19.2 million tons of standard coal by 2020 and more than 31.6 million tons by 2030.

1. Solar photovoltaic power generation

Based on solar energy resource endowment, site conditions, grid access and consumption conditions, we will adhere to a balanced approach of centralized and distributed development, scientifically promote the construction of photovoltaic power stations, and vigorously develop distributed photovoltaic power generation. We strive to achieve an installed capacity of 10 million kilowatts of photovoltaic power generation across the province by 2020 and 25 million kilowatts by 2030.

(1) Scientifically promote the construction of photovoltaic power stations

Make full use of resources such as collapsed land, wasteland, and saline-alkali land, and steadily promote the construction of various types of photovoltaic power stations. Focusing on environmental governance and land reuse requirements, implement the "Leader" plan for photovoltaics, and build photovoltaic power generation bases in the southwestern collapsed land of Shandong province and the saline-alkali tidal flats of the Yellow River Delta. Combining already operating, under-construction, and planned wind farms, give full play to the complementary advantages of wind and light resources, construct wind-solar complementary power stations, and make reasonable use of ground and high-altitude areas. Combining with the construction of efficient agricultural areas and facilities agriculture, fisheries, and aquaculture, build a number of "photovoltaic" integrated utilization demonstration areas such as agricultural and photovoltaic and fishery and photovoltaic, promoting the organic integration of photovoltaics with other industries. By 2020 and 2030, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power stations will reach 8 million kilowatts and 17 million kilowatts, respectively.

(2) Vigorously develop distributed photovoltaic power generation

In development zones and industrial parks with sufficient usable roof areas (including ancillary vacant land), good grid access conditions, and large power loads, unified planning and contiguous construction of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems will be implemented. Distributed photovoltaic power generation systems will be built in buildings such as shopping malls, hotels, and office buildings with high electricity prices. Small-scale distributed photovoltaic power generation systems will be promoted in schools, hospitals, Party and government organs, public institutions, residential communities, buildings, and structures. Public facilities such as stations, airports, and museums are encouraged to comprehensively consider distributed photovoltaic power generation systems during new construction and expansion and renovation. Combined with new energy demonstration cities, green energy counties, as well as the construction of new rural communities, relocation and resettlement, shanty town renovation, and the construction of economical and affordable housing, distributed photovoltaic power generation projects will be constructed to promote the overall development of distributed photovoltaic power generation. By 2020 and 2030, the installed capacity of distributed photovoltaic power generation will reach 2 million kilowatts and 8 million kilowatts, respectively.

Column: Key Indicators for the Development of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation
Project	2020	2030
Installed capacity of photovoltaic power stations (ten thousand kilowatts)	800	1700
Installed capacity of distributed photovoltaic power generation (ten thousand kilowatts)	200	800
Total (ten thousand kilowatts)	1000	2500

2. Solar thermal utilization

In line with the development trend of large-scale solar thermal applications, high temperatures, multiple heat sources, comprehensive functions, and wide fields, cultivate multi-level, multi-dimensional, and diversified market demands, and promote the expansion of solar thermal utilization from domestic hot water to heating and cooling, from single-unit sales to engineering services, from residential buildings to industry, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries, and from low-temperature applications to medium-high temperature applications. By 2020 and 2030, the total amount of solar thermal collection area will reach about 140 million square meters and 220 million square meters, respectively.

(1) Continue to expand applications in the building sector

Vigorously promote solar heating and cooling technologies organically integrated with buildings, and further expand the application of solar energy in the building sector. In newly built, renovated, and expanded residential buildings and public buildings with centralized hot water supply within the planned urban areas of county-level cities and above, promote the simultaneous planning, design, and application of solar water heating systems with buildings; expand the popularization and application of solar water heating systems in rural areas in conjunction with the construction of new rural communities and new rural areas; install solar thermal systems that meet technical specifications and product standards on existing buildings with suitable conditions, provided that the quality and safety of buildings are not affected; government agencies and government-funded construction projects take the lead in using solar thermal systems; and actively utilize solar thermal systems in public service areas such as schools and hospitals.

(2) Continuously deepen the scope and level of applications

By developing new medium- and long-term heat storage technologies and developing efficient light concentration and conversion technologies, promote the application of solar thermal technology in various sectors such as industry and agriculture. Implement the "Industrial Green Power Plan" in industrial sectors such as papermaking, food, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and furniture, using solar thermal systems for heating and drying; implement the "Love Sunshine Project" in public areas such as elderly care, medical care, and schools, using solar thermal energy to improve the living environment and enhance service levels; and utilize solar thermal energy for planting and breeding in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and animal husbandry. In economically developed areas with favorable resource conditions and construction conditions, actively promote large-scale centralized solar water heating, heating, and cooling combined supply technology with composite heat sources and multi-energy complementation. Facing the demand for distributed energy centers emerging in the process of new industrialization and urbanization, promote the transformation of solar heat collection from single-function applications to multi-function applications.

(3) Promote biomass energy utilization in a targeted manner

Focusing on the energy-based cyclical and clean utilization of biomass energy resources, adhering to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and diversified development, generating electricity where appropriate, heat where appropriate, and gas where appropriate, promote large-scale and market-oriented development of biomass energy resources, and improve the level and efficiency of comprehensive utilization. We strive to achieve an annual utilization of biomass energy equivalent to replacing 5.15 million tons of standard coal and 10.1 million tons of standard coal by 2020 and 2030, respectively.

Column: Key Indicators for Biomass Power Generation Development
Project	2020	2030
Agricultural and forestry biomass power generation (ten thousand kilowatts)	150	350
Garbage power generation (ten thousand kilowatts)	70	100
Biogas power generation (ten thousand kilowatts)	10	50
Total (ten thousand kilowatts)	230	500

1. Biomass power generation

Scientifically analyze the amount of various biomass resources, comprehensively coordinate multiple utilization approaches for biomass resources, and formulate reasonable biomass power generation development goals and project layouts based on the characteristics and distribution of biomass resources, combined with urban and rural energy needs. We strive to achieve an installed capacity of 2.3 million kilowatts of biomass power generation by 2020 and 5 million kilowatts by 2030.

(1) Scientifically plan and layout agricultural and forestry biomass direct combustion power generation projects

In areas with concentrated crop straw in northwestern and central Shandong, areas with concentrated processing of forestry products in southern Shandong, and areas with abundant fruit tree branch and twig resources in the Jiaodong Peninsula, scientifically plan and layout agricultural and forestry biomass direct combustion power generation projects. Newly built projects should be designed and constructed in principle in the form of combined heat and power generation; combined with heating needs and technical and economic feasibility, conduct heating transformation of already operating agricultural and forestry biomass pure power generation projects, and actively promote combined heat and power generation from biomass to provide heating for urban and rural residents and industrial parks. By 2020 and 2030, the installed capacity of agricultural and forestry biomass direct combustion power generation will reach 1.5 million kilowatts and 3.5 million kilowatts, respectively.

(2) Safe and standardized construction of garbage power generation projects

Following the principles of "reduction, resource utilization, and harmlessness", based on the planning and layout of harmless treatment facilities for domestic waste, and ensuring safety, reliability, advanced environmental protection, land saving, energy efficiency, and economic applicability, standardize the construction of garbage power generation projects, and comprehensively address the treatment of domestic waste in large, medium, and small cities, counties, and surrounding towns. In economically developed areas with scarce land resources, large amounts of domestic waste, and high population density, rationally plan independent garbage incineration power generation projects; in other areas with suitable conditions, construction can be carried out through regional co-construction and sharing; in domestic waste landfills, plan and lay out landfill gas power generation projects. Encourage the resource utilization and harmless power generation of sludge, paper waste, and black liquor. By 2020 and 2030, the installed capacity of garbage power generation will reach 700,000 kilowatts and 1 million kilowatts, respectively.

(3) Reasonably determine the scale of biogas power generation

Based on the scale of livestock and poultry farms, urban sewage treatment plants, and industrial organic wastewater from papermaking, brewing, dyeing, and leather factories, etc., supporting the construction of large and medium-sized biogas projects, reasonably determining the scale of gas supply to surrounding users, and actively developing surplus gas power generation projects. By 2020 and 2030, the installed capacity of biogas power generation will reach 100,000 kilowatts and 500,000 kilowatts, respectively.

2. Biomass molded fuel

Accelerate the promotion and application of biomass molded fuel in industrial heating and civil heating, supplying hot water and steam for industrial production and public facilities such as schools, hospitals, hotels, and office buildings, and commercial facilities; carrying out centralized heating; and providing cooking and heating fuel for rural areas. Build biomass molded fuel production bases according to local conditions, explore the establishment of an industrial system covering urban and rural areas for the collection of biomass resources, and the production, processing, storage, transportation, sales, and use of molded fuel, ensuring the large-scale and sustainable utilization of biomass molded fuel. By 2020 and 2030, the annual utilization of biomass molded fuel is expected to reach 1.5 million tons and 3 million tons, respectively.

3. Biomass gas

In conjunction with the construction of new rural communities and beautiful villages, in towns and villages with abundant resources of agricultural and forestry residues, relatively good rural economic conditions, and relatively concentrated residences, as well as around large-scale livestock and poultry farms, urban sewage treatment plants, and industrial organic wastewater treatment facilities, construct large and medium-sized biogas and gasification biomass gas preparation projects, and carry out power generation and centralized gas supply. Encourage the purification, compression, and purification of biogas and other biomass gases as pipeline gas or vehicle fuel, achieving the commercialization and industrial development of biomass gas. By 2020 and 2030, the annual utilization of biomass gas is expected to reach 1.1 billion cubic meters and 1.3 billion cubic meters, respectively.

4. Non-grain biological liquid fuel

Following the principle of "not competing with people for food, not competing with land for grain, not damaging the environment, and not neglecting one thing for another," rationally develop marginal land such as barren hills, saline-alkali land, and the old Yellow River course, plant energy forests and energy plants such as sweet sorghum and Jerusalem artichoke, promote pilot projects for the production of non-grain biofuel ethanol and cellulosic ethanol, develop fuel ethanol technology and engineering demonstrations combined with functional sugars and other biorefining, reduce production costs, and strive to form large-scale production and application in our province as soon as possible. Accelerate the research and development of biodiesel technology, gradually establish a waste oil recycling system in the catering and other industries, scientifically guide and regulate the development of the biodiesel industry using catering and waste animal and plant oils and fats as raw materials, actively carry out industrialization demonstration of biodiesel from non-edible woody oil crops, explore the development of biodiesel from non-edible herbaceous oil crops and microalgae resources, and support the promotion and use of biodiesel. Continue to promote the work of promoting the use of ethanol gasoline in cities such as Jinan and Zaozhuang, striving to maintain an annual utilization of over 1.2 million tons.

5. Distributed biomass energy

Following the principles of "adapting to local conditions, multi-energy complementation, comprehensive utilization, and efficiency," develop centralized gas supply, heating and cooling, domestic hot water, and multi-energy supply systems such as biomass gasification and biogas, develop and utilize resources nearby, supply green energy to surrounding residents and users, improve the level of production and life, enhance the coordination of supply and demand, and improve the utilization efficiency of biomass energy.

(4) Reasonable development and utilization of geothermal energy

In accordance with the overall requirements of "advanced technology, environmentally friendly, and economically feasible," scientifically develop and utilize geothermal energy, strengthen overall management, innovate development and utilization models, and promote the reasonable and effective utilization of geothermal resources. Increase the intensity of geothermal resource investigation and evaluation work, understand the bottom line of geothermal resources, and conduct development suitability zoning and development and utilization zoning. Strengthen the research on key technologies such as exploration and development, tailwater reinjection, and system monitoring suitable for our province, and improve the monitoring system and technological support system for geothermal resources and application engineering. Strengthen the connection between geothermal energy development and utilization planning and urban overall planning, and under the premise of complying with environmental protection and water resource protection requirements, combined with heating (cooling) needs, vigorously promote shallow geothermal energy heating (cooling), actively promote hydrothermal geothermal heating, and include geothermal heating in urban infrastructure construction.

By the end of 2020, the total area of geothermal energy heating (cooling) in the province is expected to reach about 140 million square meters, including 90 million square meters of shallow geothermal energy heating (cooling) and 50 million square meters of hydrothermal geothermal energy heating, and the development and utilization of geothermal energy is equivalent to replacing 4.35 million tons of standard coal. By the end of 2030, the total area of geothermal energy heating (cooling) in the province is expected to reach 300 million square meters, and the development and utilization of geothermal energy is equivalent to replacing 8.7 million tons of standard coal.

(5) Exploring the development of ocean energy industry

In accordance with the strategic deployment of the state and the provincial Party committee and government to vigorously develop the marine economy and fully promote the construction of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone, focusing on improving the technical level of ocean energy development and utilization, and using demonstration project construction as a lever, focusing on supporting the research and development of comprehensive utilization technologies such as hundreds of kilowatts of wave energy and megawatts of tidal energy, and the construction of demonstration projects; pilot the use of seawater source heat pump heating technology; continue to promote the construction of a public support service platform for ocean energy development and utilization.

During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, it is expected to build 2-3 ocean energy demonstration projects. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" to "15th Five-Year Plan" period, the technical level of ocean energy development and utilization will be further improved, the application scale will be further expanded, and the industrial system will be further improved.

(6) Scientific development of pumped storage

Comprehensively considering topographic and geological conditions, hydrological and meteorological conditions, and grid needs, coordinating the development of pumped storage with power generation, rationally planning the layout of pumped storage power stations, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Lay out pumped storage power stations in the Jiaodong load center to enhance the peak regulation capacity of the regional power grid and improve the power transmission of the eastern coastal nuclear power base and the consumption level of renewable energy power generation such as wind power; lay out pumped storage power stations in the central and southern Shandong regions where the "external electricity into Shandong" channels are concentrated to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid and ultra-high voltage power grid.

During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, accelerate the construction of Wendeng and Yimeng pumped storage power stations, commence construction of key pumped storage power stations such as Tai'an Phase II, Weifang, and Zaozhuang, and initiate the preliminary work for the Yimeng Phase II project in a timely manner. During the 14th Five-Year Plan to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, complete projects such as Wendeng, Yimeng, Tai'an Phase II, Weifang, and Zaozhuang, and commence construction of projects such as Yimeng Phase II. By 2030, the total installed capacity of pumped storage power stations in the province will reach approximately 7.8 million kilowatts.

(7) Safe and Orderly Development of Nuclear Power

Nuclear power construction is a long-term, systematic project involving many aspects such as industrial development, urban construction, environmental protection, and social stability. It is highly technical, has a wide-ranging impact, and is highly sensitive, requiring comprehensive planning and consideration. In the coming period, nuclear power development should be promoted actively, steadily, efficiently, and safely. First, safely and steadily promote the construction of the Haiyang Nuclear Power Phase I project and the Rongcheng Shidaowan High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor demonstration project, with completion and commissioning before the end of 2018. Second, promote the relevant work on subsequent projects at the Haiyang and Rongcheng nuclear power plant sites, striving for early commencement of construction and commissioning. Third, strengthen the exploration and protection of potential nuclear power plant site resources, and initiate the preliminary work for the third coastal nuclear power plant site in a timely manner. It is planned that by 2020, the installed capacity of nuclear power will reach 2.7 million kilowatts; by 2030, the installed capacity of nuclear power is expected to reach approximately 20.65 million kilowatts.

V. Key Projects

In the coming period, in accordance with the national requirements for promoting the revolution in energy production and consumption, focusing on the seven types of new energy and renewable energy resources: hydropower, wind power, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, and nuclear energy, combined with the province's resource endowments and development and utilization foundation, plan and implement seven major projects: "Green Power Supply Project," "Green Heat Supply Project," "Green Fuel Supplement Project," "Regional Energy Transformation Demonstration Project," "Distributed Renewable Energy Demonstration Project," "New Energy Microgrid Application Demonstration Project," and "Scientific and Technological Innovation Project." Continuously increase the supply of clean energy, change the mode of energy development, and promote the development of new energy and renewable energy in the province.

(1) Green Power Supply Project

Accelerate the development of wind power, photovoltaic power generation, biomass power generation, and nuclear power, continuously expand the application range and scale of new energy and renewable energy power generation, actively improve grid access and absorption capacity, and continuously optimize the power industry structure. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the newly added installed capacity of green power will be approximately 19 million kilowatts; during the 14th Five-Year Plan to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the newly added installed capacity will be approximately 45 million kilowatts.

Wind Power: Focus on building onshore and offshore "dual 10-million-kilowatt-level wind power bases." In the near term, focus on developing a batch of centralized and large-scale wind farms such as Huaneng Penglai, Huadian Longkou, Guodian Changqing, Datang Pingdu, and Huarun Feixian, building an onshore 10-million-kilowatt-level wind power base; and timely initiating the construction of wind farms in northern Shandong, Laizhou Bay, Changdao intertidal zone, and offshore areas. In the long term, continue to expand the scale of onshore 10-million-kilowatt-level wind power base development; build three 1-million-kilowatt-level offshore wind farms in northern Shandong, Laizhou Bay, and Changdao, and initiate the construction of offshore wind farms in Bozhong, Northern Peninsula, and Southern Peninsula, initially forming an offshore 10-million-kilowatt-level wind power base. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the province will add 6.8 million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity; during the 14th Five-Year Plan to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it will add 9 million kilowatts.

Photovoltaic Power Generation: Focus on implementing five major photovoltaic power generation demonstration projects. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the province will add 8.7 million kilowatts of photovoltaic power generation installed capacity; during the 14th Five-Year Plan to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it will add 15 million kilowatts. Subsidence Area Photovoltaic Power Generation Project: Focusing on areas with concentrated coal mine and gypsum mine subsidence, such as Weishan, Rencheng, and Zoucheng in Jining; Tengzhou, Shizhong District, and Yicheng District in Zaozhuang; Xinta in Tai'an; and Juye and Yuncheng in Heze, adopt a unified planning, concentrated, and phased implementation approach to build a photovoltaic power generation base in southwestern Shandong. Yellow River Delta Saline-Alkali Land Photovoltaic Power Generation Project: Make full use of saline-alkali land in areas such as Hekou and Lizhen in Dongying; Zhanhua and Wudi in Binzhou; and Binhai, Shouguang, and Changyi in Weifang, combining it with local land use master plans, resource conditions, and grid transmission requirements, increase the development and utilization of photovoltaic power generation, and form a photovoltaic power generation cluster in northern Shandong. High-Efficiency Ecological Agriculture Photovoltaic Power Generation Project: Focus on areas where modern agricultural demonstration zones are being built in Qingdao, Weifang, Dezhou, Liaocheng, and Heze, combining it with the development of planting and animal husbandry, and following the principles of intensive efficiency, comprehensive development, and three-dimensional development, build a number of complementary high-efficiency ecological agricultural photovoltaic power generation demonstration projects such as agricultural photovoltaic and fishery photovoltaic. "Ten Million Roofs" Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Project: Utilize industrial parks and the roofs of industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises, public buildings, and residential buildings, adopting a decentralized development and centralized management approach to create a number of demonstration areas for large-scale application of distributed photovoltaic power generation. Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Project: In accordance with the requirements of the precise poverty alleviation and poverty eradication work, from 2016 to 2018, focus on registered and filed poor villages and households to organize and carry out photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects, enhance "blood-building" functions and sustainable development capabilities, striving to benefit 100,000 poor households and allow poor people to obtain long-term and stable income.

Biomass Power Generation: In areas rich in crop straw in Northwest and Central Shandong, focus on building biomass power generation projects mainly based on crop straw; in the southern Shandong timber processing concentration areas and areas rich in crop straw, focus on building agroforestry biomass power generation projects; in areas rich in fruit tree branch and twig resources in the Jiaodong Peninsula, focus on building biomass power generation projects mainly based on forest resources. Reasonably arrange garbage and biogas power generation projects in areas with concentrated harmless treatment of garbage and wastewater and areas with large-scale livestock and poultry farming. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the province will add 800,000 kilowatts of biomass power generation installed capacity; during the 14th Five-Year Plan to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it will add 2.7 million kilowatts.

Nuclear Power: Focusing on building an important nuclear power base on the eastern coast of China, and with the demonstration and commercial application of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, AP1000 pressurized water reactors, and CAP1400 large advanced pressurized water reactors as the core, safely and steadily promote nuclear power construction. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the Haiyang Nuclear Power Phase I and Rongcheng High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor demonstration projects will be completed, adding 2.7 million kilowatts of installed capacity; during the 14th Five-Year Plan to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, efforts will be made to fully complete the Haiyang and Rongcheng nuclear power bases, initiate the construction of the third nuclear power plant site, and add 17.95 million kilowatts of installed capacity.

Column: Green Power Supply Project

Wind Power: Onshore Wind Power Base: Focus on promoting the development of wind farms in coastal land areas of cities such as Yantai, Qingdao, Weifang, Dongying, and Binzhou; mountainous areas of cities such as Zibo, Tai'an, Jining, Linyi, and Zaozhuang; and orderly promote the development of wind farms in plain areas of cities such as Dezhou and Heze. Offshore wind power bases: Six million-kilowatt-level offshore wind farms are planned in the six areas of northern Shandong, Laizhou Bay, Bozhong, Changdao, the northern part of the peninsula, and the southern part of the peninsula. Among them, the northern Shandong offshore wind power base is located in the northern offshore waters of Shandong Province, mainly involving the waters of Binzhou and Dongying, with a total sea area of 367 square kilometers and a planned installed capacity of 1.35 million kilowatts; the Laizhou Bay offshore wind power base is located in the Laizhou Bay waters of Shandong Province, involving parts of the waters of Dongying City, Weifang City, and Yantai City, with a total sea area of 722 square kilometers and a planned installed capacity of 2.8 million kilowatts; the Changdao base is located in the waters near Changdao County, Shandong Province, with a total sea area of 363 square kilometers and a planned installed capacity of 1.75 million kilowatts.

Photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic power generation projects in collapsed land: Focus on promoting the construction of leading photovoltaic demonstration bases in Jining and Xintai City, Taian City, and gradually promote the construction of photovoltaic power generation projects in collapsed land in areas such as the Jiangzhuang mining area and Chaili mining area in Zaozhuang, and the Juye mining area in Heze. Photovoltaic power generation projects in saline-alkali tidal flats in the Yellow River Delta: Focus on promoting the construction of photovoltaic projects in saline-alkali tidal flats in Hekou and Lizhen, Dongying; Wudi and Zhanhua, Binzhou; and Shouguang, Changyi, and Binhai, Weifang. High-efficiency ecological agriculture photovoltaic power generation projects: Focus on building high-efficiency ecological agriculture photovoltaic power generation demonstration projects in modern agricultural demonstration zones in Qingdao, Weifang, Dongying, Dezhou, Liaocheng, and Heze. “Ten million rooftops” distributed photovoltaic power generation project: Focus on developing distributed photovoltaic power generation on the roofs of industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises, public buildings, and residential buildings. Photovoltaic poverty alleviation project: Adhering to the overall idea of “provincial-level coordination, county-level overall responsibility, unified planning, phased implementation, policy support, and joint promotion”, a funding mechanism combining government subsidies, social assistance, financial support, assistance units, and user investment has been established and improved to promote the construction of household distributed, village-level small power stations, and centralized power stations according to local conditions.

Agricultural and forestry biomass direct combustion power generation: Focusing on areas rich in agricultural and forestry biomass, such as Jinan, Tai'an, Zibo, and Weifang in the central Shandong region; Heze, Jining, Zaozhuang, and Linyi in the southern Shandong region; Dezhou and Liaocheng in the northwestern Shandong region; and Qingdao, Yantai, and Weihai in the Jiaodong Peninsula region, we will promote the development of agricultural and forestry biomass direct combustion power generation.

Nuclear power: Haiyang Nuclear Power Base: Plans to build 6 AP1000 units, with a total installed capacity of 7.5 million kilowatts and a total investment exceeding 100 billion yuan, implemented in three phases. The first phase project will construct 2 AP1000 units with an installed capacity of 2.5 million kilowatts and an estimated investment of 45 billion yuan. The second phase project will construct 2 AP1000 units with an installed capacity of 2.5 million kilowatts and an estimated investment of 40 billion yuan. Rongcheng Shidaowan Nuclear Power Base: Plans to construct 1 high-temperature gas-cooled reactor unit, 3 CAP1400 units, and 3 CAP1000 units, with a total installed capacity of 8.15 million kilowatts and a total investment exceeding 100 billion yuan. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project has an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts and an estimated investment of 8 billion yuan; the large advanced pressurized water reactor demonstration project will construct 3 CAP1400 nuclear power units with a construction scale of 4.2 million kilowatts and an estimated investment of 77 billion yuan; the commercial pressurized water reactor project will construct 3 CAP1000 nuclear power units with a construction scale of 3.75 million kilowatts and an estimated investment of about 59 billion yuan.

(2) Green thermal energy security project

In accordance with the requirements of the national and provincial action plans for air pollution prevention and control, using solar energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy utilization as the starting point, actively promote clean heating and industrial heating with renewable energy, gradually achieve diversification and flexibility of heating resources and forms, and accelerate the replacement of fossil fuels with various renewable energy sources in the heating sector. Coordinate the planning, construction, and transformation of thermal energy supply infrastructure, strengthen the construction and transformation of supporting power grids, optimize the design of heating networks, and establish a comprehensive thermal energy supply system that complements and utilizes renewable energy and traditional energy in a tiered manner. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the proportion of new energy and renewable energy heating in the province will increase by 2-3 percentage points, striving to reach more than 10% by 2020. During the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plan periods, the proportion of new energy and renewable energy heating in the province will increase by another 2-3 percentage points, striving to reach more than 15% by 2030.

Column: Green thermal energy security project

Solar thermal utilization: Actively develop large-scale centralized hot water, heating, and refrigeration combined supply technology based on solar energy in the province; promote the application of solar photothermal heating and drying in civil buildings, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, and key industries in the service sector, such as papermaking, food, medicine, chemicals, and furniture, to meet the needs of distributed heating and industrial heating.

Geothermal heating (cooling): Combining geothermal resources distribution and heating needs, focus on developing new geothermal wells in areas rich in hydrothermal geothermal resources such as Northwest Shandong, Jiaodong, and Central and South Shandong, and construct geothermal heating, greenhouse planting, and bathing and leisure projects; carry out shallow geothermal energy projects in all prefecture-level cities and counties in the province.

Biomass energy heating: Combining heating needs and economic and technical feasibility, conduct heating transformation of existing biomass pure power generation projects, and newly built projects should be designed and constructed in the way of combined heat and power generation to improve the utilization efficiency of biomass energy, and actively promote biomass combined heat and power generation to provide heating for county towns and industrial parks. In areas with resources and market conditions, combined with air pollution prevention and control, coal-fired boiler elimination, and scattered coal control tasks, continue to promote biomass molded fuel boiler heating to provide clean heat for villages and towns, industrial parks, and public and commercial facilities.

Clean electricity heating: Giving full play to the advantages of electricity in terms of safety, efficiency, cleanliness, and flexible control, promote electricity substitution projects in five major areas: heating and cooling, industrial production, transportation, agricultural production, and household appliances, according to local conditions, expand the proportion of clean electricity consumption, and reduce the consumption of conventional energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
 

(3) Green fuel supplement project

Strengthen key core technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a standard system, carry out industrialization, scale, and commercial demonstration, and focus on promoting the production and application of biomass gas, biomass molded fuel, and bio-liquid fuels such as fuel ethanol and biodiesel to supplement and replace conventional energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas. By 2020, the annual utilization of biomass gas will reach 1.1 billion cubic meters, the annual utilization of biomass molded fuel will reach 1.5 million tons, and the annual utilization of vehicle ethanol gasoline will remain at around 1.2 million tons. By 2030, the annual utilization of biomass gas will reach 1.3 billion cubic meters, the annual utilization of biomass molded fuel will reach 3 million tons, and the annual utilization of vehicle ethanol gasoline will remain at around 1.2 million tons.

Column: Green fuel supplement project

Biomass gas: Utilizing crop straw, agricultural and food processing byproducts, brewing, dairy products, and other light industrial processing industries, as well as industrial wastewater, kitchen waste, fruit and vegetable waste, livestock and poultry farming, and municipal sludge resources, to construct large and medium-sized biomass gas projects; exploring the purification, compression, and commercialization of biomass gas as pipeline gas or vehicle fuel, achieving the commercialization and industrial development of biomass gas.

Biomass molded fuel: Giving full play to the advantages of biomass molded fuel, such as being clean, environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, easy to store and transport, and highly adaptable; strengthening the research and development and innovation of biomass molded fuel processing equipment, low-nitrogen combustion technology for biomass boilers, and boiler manufacturing, and expanding the application of biomass molded fuel in industrial and commercial boilers, residential cooking and heating equipment, etc.

Bio-liquid fuel: Focusing on the production and promotion of fuel ethanol, adhering to the principle of coordinated planning and orderly development, and promoting the large-scale and industrial development of fuel ethanol; continuing to promote the use of vehicle ethanol gasoline in the eight prefecture-level cities of Jinan, Zaozhuang, Tai'an, Jining, Linyi, Dezhou, Liaocheng, and Heze.
 

(4) Regional Energy Transformation Demonstration Project

Based on the existing work of new energy demonstration cities (industrial parks) and green energy demonstration counties, in areas with good renewable resource conditions, great development potential, a foundation for management, and strong economic capacity, through integrated planning, optimized design, system integration, and institutional and mechanism innovation, the coordinated development and utilization of traditional energy and renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass energy will be implemented in a way that suits local conditions. This will expand the application of renewable energy in various fields such as regional heating, power supply, gas supply, transportation, and construction, significantly increase the proportion of renewable energy consumption in the region, promote the transformation and upgrading of regional energy production and consumption, and gradually establish a technical path, business model, management model, and policy system suitable for the development of renewable energy.

Column: Regional Energy Transformation Demonstration Project

Energy Transformation Demonstration Cities: Continue to promote the creation of national-level new energy demonstration cities (industrial parks) in Dezhou, Tai'an, Dongying, Changqing District of Jinan, Jimo City of Qingdao, and the Sino-German Ecological Park of Qingdao, guiding the creation of energy transformation demonstration cities. Demonstration cities, aiming to promote sustainable urban development and focusing on the development and utilization of clean renewable energy, will strive to ensure that most of the city's incremental energy consumption is provided by renewable energy by establishing a sound development model and improving relevant policy measures. This will accelerate the replacement of existing fossil energy consumption with renewable energy, increase the proportion of renewable energy consumption in urban energy use, and promote the transformation of the urban energy structure. The proportion of renewable energy in the energy consumption of demonstration cities will be over 50%.

Rural Energy Transformation Demonstration Counties (Districts): Focusing on resources such as rural waste biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower, vigorously promoting rural energy development to meet the energy needs of electricity, hot water, heating, and cooking, improving the energy conditions for rural residents' production and life, exploring the establishment of a rural renewable energy collection, production, storage, transportation, sales, utilization, and management model, gradually improving the rural energy utilization system, and achieving the clean, high-quality, industrial, and modernized development of rural energy.

High-Proportion Renewable Energy Application Demonstration Zones: In pilot areas with abundant renewable energy resources and institutional and mechanism innovation, strengthening the integrated planning and integrated construction of power supply and energy consumption systems, creating high-proportion renewable energy application demonstration zones in a way that suits local conditions to meet the needs of electricity, heating, cooling, and gas, and achieving the integration of different new energy technologies and the integration of new energy and conventional energy production and consumption systems. The proportion of renewable energy in the energy consumption of demonstration zones will be over 80%.
 

(5) Distributed Renewable Energy Demonstration Project

Giving full play to the advantages of our province's grid access and market absorption, opening up the construction of distributed power sources on the user side, supporting enterprises, institutions, communities, and families to invest in and construct various types of distributed energy such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy utilization, and natural gas trigeneration according to the principle of "self-generation and self-use, surplus power grid connection, and grid regulation," and connecting them to distribution networks and terminal energy consumption systems of various voltage levels. Implementing energy demand-side management, promoting on-site clean production and nearby consumption of renewable energy, and improving energy utilization efficiency. Combining the development and construction of renewable energy power generation and distributed energy projects, carrying out demonstration applications of comprehensive energy storage technology, through the system integration and complementary use of various types of energy storage technology and intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy, exploring suitable energy storage technology types and development models for renewable energy development, and improving the absorption capacity, stability, and grid friendliness of renewable energy systems.

(6) New Energy Microgrid Application Demonstration Project

In key areas such as economic development zones, industrial parks, large business districts, and schools, hospitals, and transportation hubs, promoting the construction of new energy microgrid application demonstration projects based on the principle of "adapting to local conditions, multi-energy complementation, advanced technology, and innovative mechanisms." This will actively develop microgrids and smart grid technologies that integrate advanced energy storage technology and information technology, explore the establishment of local power systems that integrate power generation, transmission (distribution), storage, and use, which can accommodate a high proportion of volatile renewable energy power, explore new business operation models and new formats for power energy services, promote more vigorous market-oriented innovation in the power industry, and gradually form a relatively complete technical system and management system for new energy microgrids.

(7) Scientific and Technological Innovation Project

Giving full play to our province's existing technological and industrial advantages in new energy and renewable energy, keeping up with domestic and international development trends, accelerating the promotion of scientific and technological innovation in key areas, and focusing on breakthroughs in key core technologies; adapting to the laws and needs of the growth of new industries, new formats, and new models, relying on the "Internet," building collaborative innovation platforms for large, medium, and small enterprises, scientific research institutions, and makers, exploring the establishment of a multi-level technological innovation system, gradually forming a new energy and renewable energy industrial innovation system with independent intellectual property rights, and supporting the development of the new energy and renewable energy industry with scientific and technological innovation.

Column: Scientific and Technological Innovation Project

Key Areas of Scientific and Technological Innovation: Focusing on 10 directions, including advanced nuclear power, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, distributed energy, energy storage, microgrids, and hydrogen energy and fuel cells, as key areas for scientific and technological innovation in new energy and renewable energy, supported by national major scientific and technological projects, strategic emerging industries (energy) projects, independent innovation and technological equipment projects, and various levels of scientific and technological innovation projects, strengthening the research and development of new energy and renewable energy technologies and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

Key Core Technologies: Supporting and encouraging enterprises and research institutions in the province to focus on strengthening technological breakthroughs in nuclear power equipment manufacturing, low-cost wind turbines, high-power wind turbines, offshore wind turbine units, medium-high temperature high-efficiency solar thermal energy collection, high-efficiency photovoltaic components, photovoltaic system integration, high-efficiency biomass power generation, comprehensive utilization of biomass energy, tidal energy generation, and energy Internet, mastering a number of key core technologies with independent intellectual property rights.

Multi-level technological innovation system: Make full use of and integrate existing technological personnel resources, actively participate in national major scientific and technological projects related to new energy and renewable energy; improve the provincial-level new energy and renewable energy technology research and development platform to solve key and common technological problems in industrial development; encourage local governments with advantages to establish new energy and renewable energy technology innovation bases; support enterprises in establishing engineering technology research and development and innovation centers; and promote universities and research institutes to establish key laboratories engaged in new energy and renewable energy research to carry out basic research that promotes technological progress.
 

VI. Safeguarding Measures

(I) Strengthen planning, organization, and coordination

Adhere to the integration of multiple regulations and coordinated advancement. Strengthen the horizontal connection and coordination between this plan and other plans such as economic and social development, urban and rural construction, land use, environmental protection, and urbanization, forming a mechanism where the energy administrative department takes the lead and multiple departments participate to coordinate the implementation of the plan. Strengthen the vertical connection and coordination between this plan and national, provincial, and municipal energy overall plans, as well as special plans for wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy, to improve the scientific nature of the plan. Strengthen the guiding role of this plan for the development of new energy and renewable energy in the province, implement key tasks of the plan, and focus on regional layout and project advancement.

(II) Establish a target assessment and evaluation system

Adhere to target-driven and responsibility-driven approaches. Effectively link planning development indicators with annual construction scales, actively strive for national support for annual construction scales of wind power and photovoltaic power generation, and establish a mechanism for the decomposition and allocation of construction scales based on local needs and assessment and evaluation; improve the construction of the renewable energy information statistics system, strengthen the tracking, monitoring, and assessment of the implementation of the plan and the annual construction scale, and drive the smooth realization of development goals. Effectively connect development indicators at all levels of planning. Combining national requirements regarding the control of total energy consumption, the control of total coal consumption, and the proportion of new energy and renewable energy consumption, the provincial level will decompose and allocate relevant indicators to local governments and relevant responsible entities at all levels; local governments at all levels should further improve their understanding of the development of new energy and renewable energy, rationally plan development tasks and goals, and incorporate them into local national economic and social development plans.

(III) Deepen energy sector reforms

Further streamline administration and delegate power, combining regulation with deregulation and optimizing services. Deepen the reform of the administrative approval system in the field of new energy and renewable energy, and continue to study and promote the cancellation, delegation, simplification, and standardization of relevant administrative approval matters in accordance with the requirements of simultaneous delegation of power and responsibility and simultaneous strengthening of control and supervision, to better play the government's role in the formulation, implementation, and supervision of plans, policies, and standards.

Accelerate the construction of a modern energy market system suitable for the development of new energy and renewable energy. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, implement a unified market access system, promote the diversification of investment entities, and encourage various market entities, such as investment enterprises, power users, and professional contract energy service companies, to participate in the investment and construction of new energy and renewable energy. Expand financing channels for new energy development, coordinate various government-guided funds, guide and encourage qualified institutions to establish new energy industry development funds, and jointly support the development of the new energy industry.

Deepen the reform of the energy management system suitable for the development of new energy and renewable energy. Implement national energy system reform policies, comprehensively deepen power system reform, and steadily advance the reform of the existing power system operation mechanism based on conventional energy; encourage the development of distributed energy, and explore the establishment of an energy management system suitable for the characteristics of new energy and renewable energy.

(IV) Improve the fiscal, taxation, and financial policy system

Give full play to the leverage effect of fiscal funds. Further improve the support mechanism of fiscal funds for basic fields, cutting-edge disciplines, and demonstration projects such as renewable energy resource evaluation, technological research and development, platform construction, talent cultivation, standard formulation, and testing and certification system construction, and guide social capital investment.

Give full play to the regulatory role of taxes and fees. Strictly implement national tax and fee policies on wind power, solar photovoltaic power generation, biomass power generation, and other new energy and renewable energy development, including value-added tax, income tax, and fee reductions, and use the regulatory role of taxes and fees to guide the development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy.

Deepen the reform of the price formation mechanism. Actively utilize the national renewable energy development fund, timely apply for the supplementary subsidy catalog for renewable energy electricity prices for renewable energy power generation projects that meet national regulations, and after national review and confirmation, pay electricity price subsidies on schedule; explore the allocation of resources through competitive methods such as Bidding, introduce investors with strong technical and economic strength to participate in project construction, promote technological progress and reduction in grid-connected electricity prices, and gradually establish a mechanism for the withdrawal of new energy and renewable energy price subsidies.

Innovate financing methods. Stabilize the support for indirect financing, improve the supplementary capacity of direct financing, and encourage enterprises to raise development funds through issuing stocks and bonds, and conducting energy saving transactions and carbon emission rights transactions; vigorously innovate financing methods, promote the cooperation model between government and social capital, establish regular exchange mechanisms, conduct major project docking, and coordinate solutions to financing problems.

(V) Improve grid capacity

Strengthen the planning, construction, and transformation of power grids that adapt to the development of new energy and renewable energy power generation, ensuring that supporting power grids and power generation projects are constructed simultaneously; based on the principles of simplifying procedures and providing convenient services, establish and improve the new energy and renewable energy power generation grid connection review and service procedures, publish grid connection service procedures, gradually delegate grid connection approval powers, and issue grid connection opinions in a timely manner; optimize power system dispatch operation to ensure full-guaranteed acquisition of new energy and renewable energy power generation; provide services such as electricity metering, timely settlement of electricity fees, and transfer of subsidies for power generation projects.

Strengthen demand-side power management, actively develop microgrids, smart grids, and "Internet +" technologies, scientifically carry out the construction of pumped storage and other peak-shaving power sources, effectively improve the power grid's ability to accommodate new energy and renewable energy power generation, and ensure the full utilization of new energy and renewable energy and safe and stable operation of the power grid.

(VI) Improve the industrial service system

Establish a new and complete system of standards for new energy and renewable energy products and technologies to guide and regulate production and consumption in related fields; give full play to the decisive role of market allocation of resources, adopt differentiated market access standards, and gradually establish a cyclical upgrading mechanism for products and technological standards. Strengthen the testing and certification of various new energy and renewable energy development and utilization equipment and components, and build a testing and certification service platform; implement a key product testing system and encourage enterprises to carry out product certification. Establish a complete new energy and renewable energy industry monitoring system, form an effective quality supervision mechanism, and improve product reliability.

Encourage the development of a new energy and renewable energy industrial service system supported by engineering construction, technical consulting, operation services, testing and certification, intellectual property protection, venture capital, and education and training. Encourage professional energy-saving service companies to actively develop energy-saving services with contract energy management as the main mode; improve contract energy management regulations and transaction settlement mechanisms. Support the capacity building of intermediary institutions, improve the new energy and renewable energy industry and industry organizations, give full play to the role of associations in industry self-discipline, talent cultivation, technical consulting, information exchange, etc., establish communication and links between enterprises, consumers, and government departments, and promote the healthy development of the new energy and renewable energy industry.

VII. Environmental and Social Benefit Analysis

The development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy can replace a large amount of fossil energy consumption, reduce greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions, drive the development of related industries, and significantly increase new jobs, playing an important and positive role in environmental and social development.

(I) Environmental benefits

Wind power, solar power generation, solar thermal utilization, and hydropower do not emit pollutants or greenhouse gases during energy production. They also significantly reduce the consumption of various fossil fuels, lessening the ecological damage caused by coal mining and the water resource consumption of coal-fired power generation. The entire life cycle of agricultural and forestry biomass, from growth to final utilization, does not increase carbon dioxide emissions, and the sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dust emissions from biomass power generation are far less than those from coal-fired power generation. Nuclear power can meet energy needs and is one of the effective solutions to curb the growing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, new and renewable energy sources are widely distributed and flexible to use. They are particularly helpful in promoting the transformation of energy consumption methods in rural areas for production and living, improving the modernization level of public utilities such as rural energy supply, reducing air pollution from direct straw burning and the pollution of rivers, water sources, and groundwater caused by livestock and poultry manure, improving the rural environment, increasing agricultural production efficiency, promoting poverty alleviation, and promoting the development of rural and county economies.

In achieving the 2020 development goals, the province's development and utilization of new and renewable energy was equivalent to 41.73 million tons of standard coal, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 110 million tons, sulfur dioxide emissions by about 360,000 tons, nitrogen oxide emissions by about 310,000 tons, and dust emissions by about 200,000 tons, saving approximately 210 million cubic meters of water annually.

In achieving the 2030 development goals, the province's development and utilization of new and renewable energy will be equivalent to 108.7 million tons of standard coal, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 285 million tons, sulfur dioxide emissions by about 920,000 tons, nitrogen oxide emissions by about 810,000 tons, and dust emissions by about 500,000 tons, saving approximately 560 million cubic meters of water annually.

(2) Social Benefits

The new and renewable energy industry involves a wide range of fields. Its promotion and application can effectively drive the development of related industries such as equipment manufacturing, scientific research, and supporting services, significantly increasing new jobs and promoting the transformation of industrial structure and economic development methods. It is estimated that by 2020, the number of people employed in the new and renewable energy industry in the province will reach 500,000-600,000; by 2030, the number of people employed in the new and renewable energy industry in the province will exceed 1 million.